完形填空命题原理是格式塔心理学,格式塔心理学又称完形心理学,格式塔心理学家认为,由于经验作用,人们在观察物体形状时,无意识地把形状中的空缺补上去。据此,英国学者威尔逊·泰勒在1953年率先设计出完形填空,因而做好完形填空,要先完形(通读全文掌握文章大意)再填空(根据文章大意填空)。
高考完形文章一般300词左右,加上15个题或20个题的4个选项单词,也就是说做好一篇完形,能掌握大约400词,因而完形对于英语单词积累至关重要。
笔者根据教学实践和经验,总结出1234突破完形填空。
一种思维
出题者思维(时刻有一种出题者思维,平时在读英语文章时,就要想如果我是出题人,拿到这篇文章,我会在哪些地方挖空,这是一个循序渐进的过程,但是潜移默化你就会发现自己会慢慢关注题眼、出题点,甚至自己也会出题了,无论师生,每个人都用这种思维去训练自己)。
两个思路
(1)没有无缘无故的空,每一个空都能在文中找到答案(这就要求我们要不急不躁,联系上下文)。
(2)不设空的部分往往比设空的部分要重要(这就要求我们要关注文中未挖空信息,作为题眼和做题线索,抽丝剥茧,寻找答案)。
三个步骤
每次做完一篇完形填空,不要立刻做下一篇,或者一口气做6、7篇,那样的刷题是无效的,尤其对于基础不好的同学来说,过度刷题徒增烦恼和负担,不如做一篇会一篇,做一道会一道。因此,精研考点、吃透真题才是上策,做完一篇完形以后,建议按如下步骤操作。
(1)归纳错误,查漏补缺:核对答案后,弄懂错误,并对错误类型进行归纳。从词性看,统计自己经常错的是形容词还是名词;从题目类型看,统计自己错的是同义复现题还是逻辑题,从而有针对性的加以练习。
(2)梳理脉络,检测背记:背诵文中、选项重点单词,分析摘抄部分长难句或美句,并及时多次进行单词和长难句、美句记忆的检测。在掌握文章结构脉络的基础上,不看选项,直接念全文,熟读成诵。
(3)总结技巧,变式训练:分析出题位置和题目设置结构,总结答题策略,针对完形进行变式训练,可以将文章改编成语法填空,可以将文章美句改成仿写句子,可以根据自己错的比较多的地方再进行重新挖空,检测背记成果的同时加深对正确句子的记忆。
四个注意
(1)顺藤摸瓜:把握文章的主线,完形填空多为夹叙夹议文章,主题多出现于首尾段落以及抒情处,要多加关注。
(2)寻求最佳:a、b、c、d选项感觉读着都符合逻辑,但是要选最佳选项,比如乡村振兴政策让人民生活改变(change)和改善、提高(improve)两个都对,但是change这个词是中性词,可以向好的方向变,也可以向不好的方向变,但是improve是褒义词,因而更精准,所以入选。
(3)左顾右盼:文章不是我们写的,题目不是我们出的,总按照自己内心戏去编排剧本,最后的结果只能是错误频出。这正是:
做题贪快不细看,
读完一遍就要选,
戏精附体瞎联系,
一片红叉泪心间。
因此,做完形一定要联系上下文,联系语境去选,在选每一个答案时,一定是在文中找到依据,而不是主观臆断、强加联系。
(4)把握关键:做完形填空时一定要注意近义词、反义词、形容词、逻辑词 and/ but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more/though 等关键词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文,起着承上起下的作用。
例题:
my name is ally del monte. i remember it clearly. when i was 10 years old, my 41 and i were on our first vacation at disney world, and we were going to a “pirate and princess party” (海盗和公主派对). we didn’t know that it was a costume (化妆服) party but no 42 (没关系;没问题) — my mom said she’d 43 me to get a princess dress (take sb to (sp.) 带某人去某地). we 44 the land of princesses, but they didn’t have one for me.
i was in the beginning stage of lyme disease (在患莱姆病的最初阶段 —— lyme disease“莱姆病”,早期以皮肤慢性游走性红斑为特点,之后会出现神经、心脏或关节病变,加拿大流行歌手艾薇儿、贾斯汀比伯等均患过此病) . my 45 and medication (药物;药品治疗) caused my overweight. i was too 46 for the kids costumes and the adult costumes wouldn’t 47 for me.
the lady at the shop said, “i’m sorry, she’s too fat to be a princess.” i was only 10 years old, and i was 48 because i thought i would never be 49 enough or skinny (极瘦的) enough to be the princess that i wanted to be.
several years later, i just turned 16, and instead of a party, i asked for a family 50 . i chose to go to disney world. our trip was right in the middle of halloween, and i knew i could wear a costume. it was still 51 to find a princess dress in my 52 , but my mom and i decided to make our own, a magical princess dress to prove to my 10-year-old self that i am a princess, and i don’t have to look for a certain 53 to be one.
i’ve 54 that no matter what you look like, you can be a princess. a princess isn’t a size. it’s a state of 55 (youth is not a time of life. it is a state of mind. 青春不是年华,而是心境。)
41. a. classmate b. partner
c. family d. friend
42. a. problem b. surprise
c. chance d. wonder
43. a. persuade b. encourage
c. send d. take
44. a. struggled for (为……奋斗)
b. paid for (为……付钱)
c. asked for (请求;要求得)
d. headed for ①traveling to some end point or destination (朝……走) ② in the process of doing sth (朝……发展)
45. a. trouble b. illness
c. injury d. addiction (嗜好;入迷)
46. a. big b. small
c. tall d. thin
47. a. appear b. work
c. cheat d. crack (破裂;崩溃)
48. a. annoyed (恼怒的) b. puzzled (困惑的)
c. heartbroken (伤心的) d. confused (困惑的)
49. a. pretty (漂亮的) b.positive (积极的)
c. confident (自信的) d. outgoing (外向的)
50. a. dinner b. camp
c. celebration d. trip
51. a. hard b. convenient (方便的)
c. strange d. possible
52. a. room b. size
c. hand d. pack
53. a. time b. way
c. place d. attitude
54. a. shared b. heard
c. learned d. requested
55. a. wealth b. shock
c. health d. mind
答案:caddb abcad abbcd
长难句翻译:
it was still hard to find a princess dress in my size, but my mom and i decided to make our own, a magical princess dress to prove to my 10-year-old self that i am a princess, and i don’t have to look for a certain way to be one.
仍然很难找到一件适合我尺寸的公主裙,但我和妈妈决定自己做一件,做一件神奇的公主裙来向10岁的自己证明我就是一个公主,我不必寻找某种方式成为一个公主。
扩展视频:
,时长00:26
本文要注意里面的关联词,通过关联词能帮助我们梳理好文章逻辑,并在上下文找到答案。1234破解完型,只要坚持不懈,一定会有所收获!
本篇通过叙述自己的经历,在最后一段突出主题:每个人都可以成为公主,真正的公主不是拥有漂亮的外表,而是拥有美丽的内心。我们每个人都是世界上独特的个体,英语不好,成绩不好,家境普通,长相普通,都不是我们放弃努力的借口和自卑的理由,相反,正因为如此,我们才要更加拼命努力,向自己证明天道酬勤,证明命运也有漏网之鱼,证明命运给我们一把烂牌,我们也能逆风起舞,绝地反击!
完形填空并不难,
一二三四抓关键。
多背多思重基础,
坚持不懈勤操练。